Coronavirus: The Warrior Behind The Name Noguchi

Hideyo Noguchi, original name Noguchi Seisaku was born on Nov. 24, 1876, Inawashiro, Japan. Dr. Noguchi, born to a poor farmer in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, studied very hard, became a doctor, and went to the United States in 1900. He achieved many breakthroughs in the study of syphilis and yellow fever at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, and was nominated several times for the Nobel Prize. He was the bacteriologist who first discovered Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, in the brains of persons suffering from paresis. He also proved that both Oroya fever and verruga peruana could be produced by Bartonella bacilliformis; they are now known to be different phases of Carrion’s disease, or bartonellosis.

Noguchi contributed immensely into the research of yellow fever in British-colonized Gold Coast (currently Ghana). Sadly, Noguchi died of yellow fever in 1928 at Accra.

Accra is home to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR). The NMIMR was founded as a biomedical research facility at the University of Ghana in 1979 through Japanese grant aid. The institute has nine departments, including virology, bacteriology and parasitology, and currently has about 400 staff, including about 50 researchers.

Since the establishment of the NMIMR, JICA has provided extensive support, such as the construction of laboratories, provision of research equipment, sending Japanese experts, and offering training programs for Ghanaian researchers in Japan, in cooperation with the Ghanaian government. Currently, the NMIMR is regarded as a center of excellence in infectious disease control in West Africa, and also within Ghana.

When the Western African Ebola epidemic spread throughout West Africa in 2014, the institute examined about 200 suspected cases of infection inside and outside the country. In addition, the institute’s researchers were sent to Guinea as technical officers of the World Health Organization (WHO), and contributed to contain the epidemic in the country.

The NMIMR is also highly esteemed internationally for its research achievements, conducting collaborative research projects with many organizations, such as the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and also Japanese organizations.

Currently, backed up by JICA and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), the NMIMR is conducting a collaborative project for strengthening a disease surveillance system aimed at containing unknown infectious diseases and preventing epidemics of known infectious diseases (cholera, meningitis, etc.) with Japanese research institutes, including the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo. In this project, the NMIMR distinguishes the pathogens of patients with symptoms of diarrhea collected from project target areas and also analyzes intestinal bacterial flora. Intestinal bacterial flora are said to be closely associated with infectious diseases and related research is being conducted around the world. Along with this basic research, the NMIMR grasps the conditions of the outbreaks of infectious diseases and strengthens a surveillance system of shared information in collaboration with the Ghana Health Service (GHS), the organization under the Ministry of Health of Ghana, which has jurisdiction over and implements hospital treatment and disease control. The project is aimed at constructing surveillance system models so that Ghana will be able to establish a system for perceiving signs of an infectious disease epidemic without delay and for urging the nation to be vigilant.

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